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Title: |
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The Narghile (Hookah, Shisha, Goza) Epidemic and the Need for Clearing up Confusion and Solving Problems Related with Model Building of Social Situations |
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Authors: |
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Chaouachi, K. |
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Journal: |
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TheScientificWorldJOURNAL |
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Year: |
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2007 |
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Volume: |
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7 |
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Page Range: |
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1691-1696 |
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Article Type: |
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Short Communication |
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Handling Editor: |
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Joav Merrick |
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Domains: |
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Holistic Health & Medicine
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DOI: |
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10.1100/tsw.2007.255 |
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biomedical studies -
centuries -
indigenous people -
neologism -
quantitative and qualitative analysis -
seven years -
shisha -
smokers -
sound picture
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Keywords: |
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hookah, narghile, shisha, tobacco, smoking, health |
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Abstract |
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Many biomedical studies of the past seven years have failed in giving a sound picture of what hookah (shisha, narghile, goza) smoke and smoking are. The reasons are many: from the widespread use of a confusing neologism (“waterpipe”) instead of the few clear and natural words used for centuries by indigenous and non-indigenous people in their real life, to the use of artificial smoking (machines) instead of relying on quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxicants directly performed on real hookah smokers. |
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